Speed enforcement
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
3
Policy statement and principles
5
What
5
Why
5
How
5
Overview
6
Speed enforcement levels
7
Officer enforcement discretion
7
Safe speed camera detection levels
7
School zones
7
Speed limit changes
8
Setting of speed limits
8
Role of Police
8
Police approach
8
Communications
9
Speed enforcement by officers
10
Tactics
10
Police vehicle speedometers
10
Pace checking
10
Results of test in kilometres per hour
11
Who can use radar/laser equipment?
11
Certification standards
12
Calibration testing
12
Deployment of radar/laser equipment
12
Estimated speeds
14
Interference with operation of speed measuring device
15
Roles and responsibilities
15
Speed camera enforcement
17
Who can use speed camera enforcement equipment?
17
Roles and responsibilities
17
Static Safe Speed camera enforcement
19
Roles and responsibilities
19
Safe speed camera site selection and deployment
20
Site selection process for static and mobile safe speed cameras
20
Criteria for static safe speed camera sites
20
Criteria for mobile safe speed camera sites
21
Mobile speed camera deployment
22
School zone mobile speed camera sites
23
School zone overview
23
School zone site selection
23
Speed camera vehicle deployment standard
23
Safe speed camera deployment data and images
24
Mobile and static safe speed cameras use digital media
24
Send data from mobile cameras to the Police Infringement Bureau (PIB) within five days
24
Incident control number
24
Legal framework for speed enforcement
27
Speeding offences
27
Liability for moving vehicle offences
27
Defences against proceedings
27
Approved vehicle surveillance equipment
27
Certification standards
28
Speed camera equipment certificates of accuracy
28
Evidential sufficiency of approved vehicle surveillance equipment image
29
Speed enforcement
Policy statement and principles
What
Speed is globally recognised as the leading contributor to the incidence of crashes and the seriousness of
crash outcomes. An analysis of New Zealand fatal crashes has shown that speeding is a valid and significant
predictor of crash rates. Consistent and proactive speed enforcement activity is essential to influence safe
driving speeds and reduce serious outcome crashes.
Why
Police is the principle enforcement agency for the Land Transport Act 1998 and related Regulations Road
policing activities are funded by the National Land Transport Fund
In the five years to 2020, 3,165 people have died or were seriously injured in crashes where speed was
identified as a contributing factor to the crash occurring. While this equates to about 22% of all fatal and
serious injury crashes, speed has been identified as being a factor in 78% of New Zealand’s outcomes where
there is road trauma.
Effective enforcement of speeding drivers will reduce the number of deaths and injuries on our roads and
contribute to Our Business.
How
Police will ensure that:
‑ staff focus on prevention through risk targeted speed deployment that includes a variety of
approaches, including enforcement
‑ excess speed is actively enforced to reduce the overall mean speed of the network
‑ speed enforcement equipment is supplied, maintained and updated as appropriate to enable
employees to enforce excess speed
‑ all users of speed enforcement equipment are trained and certified appropriately.
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Overview
Speed limits must be consistently enforced by appropriately trained Police employees, using approved and
calibrated equipment to:
‑ prevent death and injury on the roads
‑ ensure enforcement methods withstand scrutiny and align to road safety outcome risks
‑ provide consistent public expectations of the Police response to speeding offences.
The content of this chapter covers both speed enforcement (estimated speed, pace checking and operating
radar/laser equipment), and safe speed camera enforcement (operation of mobile and static safe speed
cameras). It applies to all Police employees.
Refer to the 'Fleeing drivers' and 'Traffic patrol techniques' chapters for stopping drivers.
For the operation of speed detection equipment refer to the 'Speed Detection Equipment Operators
Manual' below.
‑
speed‐detection‐device‐operators‐manual.pdf
774.4 KB
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Speed enforcement
Speed enforcement levels
Officer enforcement discretion
Enforcement officers should take circumstance appropriate action for any speed above posted or
temporary speed limits, with resolutions applied in line with the following principles:
‑ Whilst Police should always acknowledge and consider explanations for exceeding the speed limit,
there should be exceptional mitigating circumstances to justify a warning being issued for excess
speed; for example a genuine medical emergency.
‑ In all cases the opportunity should be taken to educate the driver around the relationship between
speed and survivability when a vehicle is involved in a crash. A few kilometres per hour can be the
difference between a collision being inconsequential or completely avoided, and a crash with fatal or
other life‐changing outcomes.
‑ Police will treat all road users and vehicle owners in line with Police Values.
A written traffic warning (WTW) should not be issued for a speed related offence, unless aligned to the
approach for Speed Limit Changes or there is an exceptional circumstance, which must be recorded on the
notice. Refer to the ‘Written Traffic Warnings’ chapter for further information on warnings.
Remember: Enforce speed limits fairly, transparently and consistently, with the overriding principle of
influencing safe speeds to prevent death and injury on the roads.
Safe speed camera detection levels
Safe speed cameras may be programmed to capture data and images for enforcement purposes for any
speeds in excess of posted or temporary speed limits. The setting of safe speed camera enforcement levels
principally includes consideration of road safety outcome risks and should be evidence based in their
application. These settings will be determined, monitored and reviewed by Managers within the National
Road Policing Centre as delegated by the Director.
School zones
A school zone is designated as a single named road, no more than 250 metres from the school boundary, on
which any direct school access exists. Early childhood centres can be ‘school zoned’ if a road sign identifies
where the centre is.
To protect children and vulnerable road users near schools, speed limits are enforced on a risk‐targeted
basis between 7:30am and 6pm on any school day or any other time there is a school activity or event, e.g.
sports activities and drama nights.
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Speed enforcement
Speed limit changes
Setting of speed limits
Speed limit changes are the responsibility of Road Controlling Authorities (RCAs); i.e. the applicable Council
or, in the case of state highways, Waka Kotahi (NZ Transport Agency). The RCAs are responsible for
consulting and communicating the speed limit changes to the public, including signage and road marking
changes. This may include using variable message boards and other media around the time of
implementation. Accordingly, requests for media commentary around the implementation of new speed
limits should be referred to the RCA.
Role of Police
It is important that the Police approach supports the implementation of safe speed limits. This includes
applying an approach the public expects and deserves, that being one which ensures a balance between
keeping people safe on the roads, whilst also alleviating perceptions of not being fair and reasonable as
motorists adjust to the speed limit changes.This approach should contribute to sector confidence that safe
speed limits can be implemented without generating public or political concerns.
Police approach
‑ Collaborate with the RCA early
‑ Confirm the extent of the proposed changes, that the correct processes are being undertaken
to implement them, and that there is a strong RCA led communication plan to ensure
widespread public awareness ahead of and at the time of the changes
‑ Apply a “bedding in” approach for a period of one month from the speed limit changes being
implemented
‑ Continue to deploy to locations and times of greatest road safety outcome risks; i.e. not deploying to
affected roads simply because it will be easy to catch motorists exceeding the new speed limits
‑ Recognise that reduced speed limits will influence a reduction in mean speeds, even without
enforcement, thereby, reducing road safety outcome risks
‑ If enforcement is carried out on affected roads during the first month after implementation and
providing that the speed detected does not exceed the previous posted speed limit, adopt an
approach that is appropriate to the circumstance, such as; engage, encourage, educate, warn,
enforce methodology, with any such enforcement ideally conducted using marked cars
‑ This provides motorists with fair and reasonable opportunity to adjust their driving behaviours
in the wake of the changes, whilst also enabling appropriate responses to behaviours and
circumstances that pose clear road safety outcome risks
‑ This approach assists in building trust and confidence by also alleviating perceptions that
Police are taking advantage of the speed limit changes to simply catch people out and issue
large numbers of infringement notices
‑ Mobile safe speed cameras should not be deployed on the affected roads for at least the first month
after changes are implemented, with the exception of school zones during high outcome risk times,
and thereafter as aligned to road safety outcome risk priorities
‑ Again, this will alleviate perceptions that Police are taking advantage of the speed limit
changes to simply catch people out and issue large numbers of infringement notices
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‑ Note that new site codes will be required before operating safe speed cameras on roads where
speed limits have changed
‑ If static safe speed cameras are on roads affected by speed limit changes,
early advice must be
provided to the Police Infringement Bureau (PIB). PIB will manage setting changes for the cameras
to reflect the speed limit changes, and will implement a graduated response to motorists detected
exceeding the new speed limit for the first month after implementation of the speed limit change.
Communications
For significant speed limit changes a communication plan should be developed, in consultation with the
National Road Policing Centre and Media and Communications as required. This should be largely for
reactive purposes rather than proactive, noting that requests for media commentary around the
implementation of new speed limits should be referred to the applicable RCA. Consider incorporating an
approach to significant interest groups, such as AA, to confirm that Police will be deploying to road safety
outcome risk and will not be targeting the affected roads for enforcement just because the speed limits
have reduced.
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Speed enforcement by officers
Tactics
Police:
apply TENR in every situation
‑ employ safe tactics to ensure speed detection and enforcement does not pose unnecessary risks to
public and Police safety
use emergency lights and sirens promptly
‑ use tactics that minimise the need to complete a U‐turn and chase, and take additional care to check
for other road users before performing a U‐turn
should not accelerate unnecessarily for the purpose of speed enforcement
Police vehicle speedometers
Police vehicles used for speed enforcement purposes must have their speedometers calibrated annually in
accordance with CU10 (Standard Test and Calibration Procedure Speedometer Testing) by appropriately
qualified personnel trained by Police Calibration Services and duly authorised for that purpose by the
Commissioner of Police
When vehicles pass calibration, a Certificate of Accuracy Speedometer and Odometer (POL430) is issued,
the record of which must be readily available to all officers using the vehicle for speed enforcement.
Pace checking
Pace checking is a method of speed enforcement using the Police vehicle’s certified speedometer to
establish the speed of the target vehicle. In general, this should be conducted at a constant distance and
speed behind the suspect vehicle over a distance of not less than 250 metres.
If Police employees drive above the speed limit to gather evidence of an alleged offence, then Police is
reliant on the exemptions under the Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004 and the Land Transport Act 1998
for non‐compliance with certain traffic rules and regulations where compliance would prevent the
execution of that duty. Refer to the What is a tactical approach and Legal provisions ‐ defences section of
the Urgent Duty Driving (UDD) chapter.
An appropriate following distance should be maintained according to clause 5 9 Land Transport (Road
User) Rule 2004
Police must drive at an appropriate speed and manner and bear in mind that they:
‑ are individually legally responsible for their actions, including careless, reckless or dangerous
manner and dangerous speed
‑ must prioritise public and Police safety
‑ must adhere to the ‘Urgent duty driving’ chapter.
Pace checks should not be carried out in temporary speed limit areas or school zones. Any enforcement in
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those areas or zones should be by way of radar/laser, safe speed cameras and estimated speed.
If someone is suspected of travelling at excess speed in circumstances where there is undue risk to any road
users, they should be signalled to stop as soon as reasonably practicable to minimise exposure to the
immediate road safety outcome risks, despite there perhaps being insufficient evidence to support
enforcement action.
Prior to an Infringement Offence Notice (ION) or charging document being issued, the speedometer
accuracy certificate of the Police vehicle must be reviewed in order to obtain the true speed of the alleged
speeding driver. Any discrepancy between the Police vehicle speedometer and the actual speed can then be
taken into account.
For example the following is taken from a Police Vehicle Certificate of Accuracy (POL430)
Results of test in kilometres per hour
Vehicle speedometer
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
150
True speed
29 39 49 59 69 78 88 98
108 118 128 138
148
If a vehicle was pace checked at 120 km/hr, then the ION would be issued for 118 km/hr.
Note: Police vehicle speedometers should be calibrated within a 12 month period prior to the date of the
offence.
Should it be identified that the vehicle speedometer is not within the 12 month calibration period consider
initiating action based on an estimated speed However IONs cannot be issued for estimated speeds The
offence must be proceeded with by way of a charging document
Who can use radar/laser equipment?
Only Police employees who hold or are undergoing supervised training (by a certified instructor qualified in
the use of the equipment) for a Certificate of Proficiency for New Zealand Police Speed Enforcement
Equipment may use radar/laser equipment.
Note:
All radar/laser equipment used by Police must be operated in accordance with the Speed
Detection Equipment Operators Manual
.
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Certification standards
Section 146 of the Land Transport Act 1998 requires all speed enforcement equipment to be calibrated
within a 12 month period. This includes:
‑ laser speed detection devices
‑ Police vehicle radar speed detectors and tuning forks
‑ Police vehicle speedometers
‑ Safety cameras (speed and red light camera (RLC)).
Note: Speed enforcement equipment that has not been calibrated within the last 12 months and issued
with a current certificate of accuracy must
not be used for speed enforcement purposes Refer to the
Calibrating Road Policing Equipment chapter.
Calibration testing
Police Calibration Services (PCS) subjects all radar/laser equipment to calibration testing to ensure the
equipment is functioning in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and accurately records a
vehicle’s speed. PCS advises districts when their equipment is due for calibration. PCS holds certificates of
accuracy for every device and a duplicate is sent to District.
Deployment of radar/laser equipment
Radar/laser equipment can be used on all roads but must be deployed in the following manner
Ensure
Note
Equipment is operated in accordance with the If deployed for speed enforcement purposes. This means
Police Speed Detection Equipment Operators laser speed enforcement equipment can be used only when
Manual, appropriate to the device being used. stationary.
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When speed is enforced in an area where
The exception is if there is good reason to do so, such as
drivers are transitioning from a higher speed toensuring the safety of vulnerable road users or if other
a lower speed area, Police are not positioned unsafe driving behaviours are occurring within the area.
within 200 metres from the point where the
posted speed changes, and vehicles are not
This does not apply in school zones or temporary speed
targeted within 200 metres from the point
limit areas.
where the posted speed changes.
In situations where advance advisory signs are
in place warning motorists of the change in
speed limit, a 100 metre distance from the
point of the posted speed limit change applies
to officer enforcement activity.
When speed is enforced in stationary mode,
This is to ensure drivers do not brake at high speed, thus
Police are not positioned within 250 metres of causing risk. However, enforcement in mobile mode may
a final merge of a passing lane or slow vehicle occur anywhere.
lane, and vehicles are not targeted within 250
metres of a final merge of a passing lane.
The exception is if there is good reason to do so, such as
ensuring the safety of vulnerable road users or if other
unsafe driving behaviours are occurring within the area.
When vehicles are used to operate speed
Police has an exemption from parking related offences that
enforcement equipment in stationary mode, arise under the Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004, by
they are parked safely and in accordance with virtue of clause 1.8(3)(b) where the action was necessary in
the Land Transport (Road User) Rule 2004, or the performance of duty. However, this exemption should
any bylaws in force for that location.
be used in limited circumstances.
Despite the general exemption under the Land Transport
(Road User Rule) 2004, for the purposes of staff and public
safety it is a requirement that during the hours of darkness
any vehicle undertaking stationary speed enforcement at
the roadside has its park lights operating and visible, unless
clearly illuminated and visible from another light source.
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All radar/laser equipment must be operated in Unless there is a specific operation targeting offending
an overt manner. Hidden or camouflaged
consisting of:
deployment must not be used.
‑ sustained loss of traction
‑ engagement in an unauthorised street or drag race
‑ dangerous or reckless driving
‑ breaches of heavy motor vehicle (HMV) rules
‑ another type of operation that cannot be effectively
or safely conducted using overt means.
Such speed enforcement operations (involving hidden or
camouflaged deployment) must have written operation
orders and have prior written approval from the District
Road Policing Manager. In the case of HMVs, prior written
approval should be gained from the Manager: Commercial
Vehicle Safety Team or a member of the National Road
Policing Centre Governance Group.
Unmarked patrol vehicles may be used for speed
enforcement. However, Police must be conscious of the
reduced visibility risks associated with speed enforcement
from these vehicles, especially when undertaking urgent
duty driving, accelerating from stationary mode and
completing U‐turns.
Estimated speeds
An estimated speed is an assessment made by Police of a motor vehicle observed to be travelling at a speed
well in excess of the prescribed speed limit. The offending driver’s speed has not or could not be detected
by the use of any speed detection equipment or by any pace checking.
In estimating the driver’s speed, Police should rely on their experience in assessing speed. This should
include proven experience with operating Police speed detection equipment, and:
‑ the relative speed of other traffic in relation to the alleged driver’s speed, or
‑ any admission by the driver, or
‑ the speed of the offending driver relative to a patrol vehicle’s speed.
Drivers cannot be issued with an ION for an estimated excess speed. The offence must be proceeded with by
way of a charging document.
Interference with operation of speed measuring device
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It is an offence to use or possess any equipment designed to interfere with the operation of a speed‐
measuring device (radar jammer) in a motor vehicle (section 16B of the Land Transport Act 1998).
Specimen
Offence
Penalties
Charge
B404
Used equipment in a vehicle that interfered with a speed
Infringement fee $50, 25
measuring device
demerit points
B405
Had equipment in a vehicle designed to interfere with a speedInfringement fee $50, 25
measuring device
demerit points
Note: It is
not an offence to use a radar/laser detector.
Roles and responsibilities
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Role
has responsibility for ensuring
District Commander
‑ this chapter is implemented in their district
‑ staff are trained and certified to use the equipment they operate in
(or their delegated
accordance with this chapter
representative)
‑ approves suitably trained staff in speed enforcement who have completed the
training
‑ notifies Police Calibration Services (PCS) on the prescribed form when they
have approved a person as speed enforcement qualified.
‑ all speed enforcement equipment is presented for calibration when required
‑ district vehicle, equipment and infringement notice audits are conducted to
ensure compliance with this policy
‑ all reasonable measures are taken to ensure equipment is well looked after
and operated correctly
‑ a report is submitted if any radar or laser equipment supplied to a district is
lost or damaged (i.e., outside normal operational wear or usage), to PCS
‑ only certified speed enforcement equipment is used
‑ training records are maintained, updated and held in the district
‑ breaches of this chapter are reported to the Director: Road Policing.
Director: National
‑ the appropriate authority is gained before new speed enforcement
Road Policing Centre
equipment is deployed and certified
‑ PCS completes annual certifications of accuracy for speed enforcement
equipment
‑ support to districts is provided as appropriate
‑ audit adherence to this chapter.
Manager: Police
‑ a database is maintained and certificates of proficiency produced for all
Calibration Services
Police who have been nominated by a Road Policing Manager
‑ the approval system for Police vehicle speedometer calibration is managed
‑ calibration of all radar equipment annually
‑ calibration of all mobile and static speed cameras annually
‑ calibration of all laser equipment annually
‑ inspection and certification of static camera sites annually.
Police involved in
‑ they adhere to this chapter
speed enforcement
‑ they complete daily operating checks and log books
‑ they comply with the Speed Detection Equipment Operators Manual.
Police Infringement
‑ processing and management of all notices
Bureau (PIB)
‑ notice explanations are adjudicated fairly and consistently, whilst having
regard for road safety outcome risks.
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Speed camera enforcement
Safe speed cameras have a proven history of reducing speed‐related crashes internationally. These cameras
assist to reduce serious and fatal crashes on New Zealand roads.
Who can use speed camera enforcement equipment?
Only Police employees trained and certified to operate specific speed camera equipment may operationally
deploy such equipment. Equipment may only be used from Police‐owned or operated vehicles (if operating
a mobile camera).
Roles and responsibilities
Roles
Responsible for ensuring
District Commander
‑ this chapter is implemented in their district
‑ employees are trained to use the relevant speed camera enforcement
(or their delegated
equipment
representative)
‑ all speed enforcement equipment used has a current and valid certificate of
accuracy
‑ all reasonable measures are taken to ensure the equipment is well looked
after
‑ report any speed enforcement equipment that is lost or damaged, (beyond
normal operational wear or usage) to PCS
‑ mobile speed camera site applications are reviewed and approved before
forwarding to PCS
‑ mobile speed cameras are deployed to address road safety risk(s)
‑ breaches of this chapter are reported to the Director: Road Policing.
Director: National
‑ all speed camera equipment is approved and certified before deployment
Road Policing Centre
‑ that PCS regularly tests and re‐certifies speed camera equipment
‑ districts are supported with their speed enforcement programmes as
appropriate
‑ audit adherence to this chapter.
Manager: Police
‑ all speed camera operators are trained
Calibration Services
‑ all speed camera operator training records are maintained
‑ appropriate speed camera sites are approved
‑ all speed cameras are maintained by an external service agent
‑ all speed camera certificates of accuracy are retained
‑ copies of speed camera certificates of accuracy are supplied for disclosure
‑ all mobile safe speed cameras are regularly calibrated with not more than 12
months between certifications.
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Traffic Camera
‑ compliance with this chapter
Operators
‑ compliance with speed camera deployment and health and safety
procedures
‑ mobile camera checks and deployment registers are completed for each
camera site
‑ data is downloaded from each camera every two to five days and forwarded
to PIB along with the original deployment register for that period
‑ all equipment faults or other problems are reported to PCS promptly.
Police Infringement
‑ processing and management of all notices
Bureau (PIB)
‑ images are verified before notices are issued
‑ notice explanations are adjudicated fairly and consistently whilst having
regard for road safety outcome risks
‑ the original of all deployment register sheets is stored in line with the current
document retention policy.
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Static Safe Speed camera enforcement
Roles and responsibilities
Roles
Responsible for ensuring
District Commander
‑ this chapter is implemented in their district
‑ report any damage of enforcement equipment to PCS
(or their delegated
‑ breaches of this chapter are reported to the Director: Road Policing.
representative)
Director: National Road
‑ all speed camera equipment is approved and certified before deployment
Policing Centre
‑ that PCS regularly tests and re‐certifies speed camera equipment
‑ consultation on site selection is undertaken with relevant interested
parties
‑ audit adherence to this chapter.
Manager: Police
‑ all speed camera certificates of accuracy are retained
Calibration Services
‑ copies of speed camera certificates of accuracy are supplied for disclosure
‑ all static safe speed cameras and camera sites are regularly calibrated with
not more than 12 months between certifications
Manager: Police
‑ staff authorised to access the static safe speed camera systems are trained
Infringement Bureau
‑ all camera system operator training records are maintained
(PIB)
‑ camera system operators follow the ‘Static Camera Expansion Programme
Process Guide’ when completing any tasks or actioning faults
‑ processing and management of all notices
‑ images are verified before notices are issued
‑ notice explanations are adjudicated fairly and consistently, whilst having
regard for road safety outcome risks.
‑ Work Authority requests are actioned promptly.
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Safe speed camera site selection and deployment
Static and mobile speed cameras may be used at approved sites (selected to reduce crashes caused by
speed).
Site selection process for static and mobile safe speed cameras
This table below summarises the site selection process for safe speed camera sites.
StageProcess
1
The Sites Selection Methodology is objective, rigorous, and defensible and has been applied
nationally and consistently.
All safe speed camera sites are selected on the basis of their risk (as determined from the Sites
Selection Methodology). This includes crash history and/or predictive analysis.
2
For static camera sites, consultation must be undertaken by the Director: National Road Policing
Centre (or their nominee). For mobile camera sites, consultation must be undertaken by the District
Commander (or their nominee).
For both static and mobile camera sites, consultation
must be undertaken with the relevant road
controlling authority (whether Waka Kotahi New Zealand Transport Agency, a territorial local
authority, or Auckland Transport).
The consultative group must consider whether the objectives can be met by other means such as
traffic engineering or education.
3
When proposing a new safe speed camera site, consideration must be given to:
‑ site definition, ensuring a single named roadway
‑ readily identifiable location site commencement and end points
‑ engineering improvements taken or proposed
‑ whether the posted speed limit is lawful
‑ a synopsis of evidence to support the site ‐ such as the number of speed related crashes and
traffic analysis data.
4
Speed camera site reviews to identify changing vehicle and site dynamics should occur regularly (no
more than five yearly) for both static camera sites (by the Director: National Road Policing Centre or
their nominee) and for mobile camera sites (by the District Commander or their nominee).
Criteria for static safe speed camera sites
A static speed camera is a permanent pole installation at an approved speed camera site. The site may or
may not have an active camera. Static cameras detect vehicle speed using radar and laser.
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A location with a proven crash risk that warrants consideration as a static camera site must meet the
following criteria:
‑ The camera, flash unit, and speed detection must have clear lines of sight.
‑ The road must be straight and of a constant slope for 100 metres.
‑ The cellular phone signal at the site must be sufficient.
‑ There must be easy and safe access to the site that will not interfere with traffic flows.
‑ If the camera is in an area where drivers are transitioning from a higher speed to a lower speed area,
the camera must not be located within 250 metres from the point where the posted speed changes,
and vehicles must not be targeted within 250 metres of the point where the posted speed changes.
This restriction does not apply in school zones or temporary speed limit areas.
‑ The camera must not be located within 200 metres of the final merge of a passing lane and vehicles
must not be targeted within 200 metres of the final merge of a passing lane.
‑ The site must have access to a suitable power source.
Additionally:
‑ It is preferable the camera unit faces south to avoid potential sun strike
‑ the equipment must be able to be secured
‑ the equipment must be protected from errant vehicles
‑ no large permanent metal objects are in the radar zone
‑ there can be no permanent blocking objects
‑ any underground services will not be negatively affected by the construction of the infrastructure
necessary for a static camera.
In addition, confirm that the proposed site will not be subject to engineering changes within the next two
years.
Criteria for mobile safe speed camera sites
A mobile speed camera is located in a Police vehicle that can be moved to any approved speed camera site
Mobile sites should be no longer than five km in rural areas or three blocks in urban areas Mobile sites may
be adjoining but each must be selected independently
For mobile safe speed camera sites, complete the Mobile Speed Camera Site Selection form (POL580) or the
Mobile Speed Camera Site Selection ‐ School Zone form (POL581). Submit the form to the RPM for review.
The RPM, if in agreement, will forward the form to PCS for approval. These forms are available from the
Road Policing section of Police forms in Microsoft Word.
The Manager: Police Calibration Services reviews the proposed speed camera site based on the submitted
form. The approved site will be on the next update disc sent to district after PIB have created it.
Note: Copies of Speed Camera Site Selection forms should be held within district and the original at the
PCS to ensure traceability
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Mobile speed camera deployment
A mobile speed camera vehicle must be deployed in the following manner.
1 Traffic Camera Operator safety
must be the primary deployment consideration, including vehicles
crashing into the stationary camera vehicle and clear Police radio communications from the deployment
site.
2 A speed camera vehicle
must be legally parked If it is dark the vehicle
must have its park lights on
Refer to deployment of Radar/Laser for further details on parking police vehicles involved in speed
enforcement
3 A speed camera vehicle
must be deployed so it is visible to traffic. The speed camera vehicle
must not
be hidden.
4 The position in which the speed camera vehicle is parked must, so far as is practicable, be at the optimal
distance from the normal traffic lanes to ensure the safety of the operator and best quality photography,
(i.e., about 1½ lane widths away from the normal path of vehicles).
5 When the speed camera vehicle is being deployed on a roadway, the speed camera vehicle tailgate
must
be fully extended or closed.
6 A speed camera vehicle may park on private land if the occupier of the land gives clear permission for
such use
7 A speed camera vehicle must be parked on a straight section of road, so the operator has adequate
reference points for aligning the camera. This ensures any vehicle being measured or photographed is
travelling on a straight section of road at that time.
8 If a speed camera vehicle is deployed in an area where drivers are transitioning from a higher speed to a
lower speed area, it
must not be positioned within 250 metres from the point where the posted speed
changes, and
must not target vehicles within 250 metres from the point where the posted speed
changes. This restriction does
not apply in school zones or temporary speed limit sites.
9 While a speed camera vehicle may be deployed within a section of road designated as a passing lane, it
must not be positioned within 250 metres of the final merge of a passing lane or slow vehicle lane and
must not target vehicles within 250 metres of the final merge of a passing lane or slow vehicle lane.
10 When a camera is operational at a site a second camera must not be deployed in the same site or an
adjoining site
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11 A mobile safe speed camera must not be deployed on the same road as an operating static safe speed
camera unless:
1. the two locations on that road have a different speed limit; or
2. the cameras are a minimum of one kilometre apart on any road with a posted speed limit of less
than 70 km/h, or
3. the cameras are a minimum of two kilometres apart on any road with a posted speed limit of 70
km/h or above.
Note: “Same road: includes the continuation of any section of roadway regardless of any change in
name for that road.
12 When a speed camera is deployed in a school zone speed camera site, it must be operated only:
‑ between 7:30am to 6pm on a school day; or
‑ at any other time that a school activity occurs, including sports activities held on school grounds.
School zone mobile speed camera sites
School zone overview
A school zone is designated as a single named road, no more than 250 metres from the school boundary, on
which any direct school access exists. Early childhood centres can be ‘zoned’ as school zones, if a road sign
identifies where the centre is.
School zone site selection
Districts must complete the Speed Camera Site Selection School Zone form (POL581) for a school site that
requires attention School sites do not require a history of speed related crashes
These sites, identified through specific site codes, will automatically have the lower speed enforcement
threshold applied when the camera is deployed. Any ensuing notices must include reference to the school
concerned.
Speed camera vehicle deployment standard
See the 'Mobile speed camera deployment' section
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Safe speed camera deployment data and images
Mobile and static safe speed cameras use digital media
Speed cameras record images and data that can be used for statistical purposes.
Send data from mobile cameras to the Police Infringement Bureau (PIB)
within five days
To avoid undue delay in initiating proceedings, all data from mobile safe speed cameras must be sent to PIB
no later than five days after the first image is recorded.
Standard operating procedures explain how a camera operator downloads data and sends it to the PIB.
Incident control number
Every image is identified by a nine‐digit Incident Control Number (ICN) that is generated at the same time as
the image and incorporated into it. This numbering system enables every image to be traced. See the
examples below.
The integrity of the speed camera programme is maintained by ICN accuracy
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Legal framework for speed enforcement
Speeding offences
Liability for moving vehicle offences
Section 133 of the Land Transport Act 1998 provides that proceedings may be taken against any person
who at the time of the offence was:
‑ the person allegedly committing the offence
the registered owner or one of the owners of the vehicle involved
‑ lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle, whether jointly owned or not, regardless of whether
that person is an individual or was the driver or person in charge of the vehicle at the time.
Defences against proceedings
Where enforcement action is taken against the registered owner/owners it is a defence to proceedings
under section 133 of the Land Transport Act 1998 if at the time the offence was committed:
‑ the person driving was not lawfully entitled to possession of the vehicle, whether jointly owned or
not; or
another person was driving the vehicle; and
‑ immediately after becoming aware of the alleged offence, the person advised the enforcement
authority in writing of these things, and
‑ the person gives the enforcement authority a statutory declaration:
identifying the driver by giving their name and address; or
‑ other particulars that might lead to identification; or
establishing that they could not identify the driver after taking all reasonable steps to do
so
Approved vehicle surveillance equipment
The Land Transport Act 1998 provides the legal framework for speed cameras by defining approved vehicle
surveillance equipment (AVSE) that can detect moving vehicle offences Only AVSE approved by the Minister
of Police by way of a notice in the New Zealand Gazette is allowed to be used to enforce speeding offences
There are four approved AVSE speed camera devices in New Zealand used for enforcement. The statutory
regulation numbers for the relevant gazetted Land Transport (Approved Vehicle Surveillance Equipment)
Notices are shown in this table.
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Publication
Approved Equipment
(No 2) 2008
‑ REDFLEXradarcam camera system (the
mobile radar‐based speed camera system).
SR 2008/447 Land Transport (Approved Vehicle
Surveillance Equipment) Notice (No 2) 2008
2014 ‐ LI 2014/191 Land Transport (Approved Vehicle
‑ REDFLEXspeed Radar NK7 static camera
Surveillance Equipment) Notice 2014
system.
2015 LI 2015/58 Land Transport (Approved Vehicle
‑ REDFLEXred Radar NK7 red light/speed
Surveillance Equipment) Notice 2015
camera system
2017 ‐ LI 2017/289
REDFLEXotl radar NK7 Static Speed camera
system
Land Transport (Approved Vehicle Surveillance
Equipment) Notice 2017
Certification standards
Testing and issuing of Speed Camera and Tuning Fork Certificates of Accuracy are covered by section 146 of
the Land Transport Act 1998. This section requires the Certificate of Accuracy to have been issued no more
than 12 months before the date of the alleged offence.
Section 146 of the Land Transport Act 1998 mandates testing and calibration for:
radar and laser speed detection devices
‑ mobile and static speed cameras
static speed camera sites (certificates of accuracy (NK8) issued 12 monthly)
‑ tuning forks.
Note: Whenever
a speed camera has been repaired, it must be returned to Police Calibration Services for
testing and recertification if required. Any speed enforcement equipment without a current Certificate of
Accuracy must
not be used for speed enforcement. Note also that radars and lasers undergo this same
testing.
Speed camera equipment certificates of accuracy
PCS calibrates all speed camera equipment
PCS advises districts when their speed camera equipment is due for calibration and holds the original
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certificates of accuracy for every camera and tuning fork. A copy of the calibration certificate must be kept
at the district to which the equipment has been assigned.
The absence of a current certificate may not jeopardise a prosecution, as long as a Police witness can give
evidence that testing was carried out and the equipment was found to be accurate.
Note: When the accuracy of the device is in question, the defendant must make an application not less than
14 days before the hearing for the production of the certificate of accuracy (section 146 of the Land
Transport Act 1998).
Evidential sufficiency of approved vehicle surveillance equipment image
Section 145(1) of the Land Transport Act 1998 covers the evidential sufficiency of a moving vehicle image
taken by AVSE. The image must show or record:
‑ a motor vehicle on a road
‑ the speed of the vehicle
‑ the location of the vehicle
‑ the date and time when the image was taken.
In the absence of proof to the contrary, this is sufficient for the image to be produced in evidence for a
moving vehicle offence.
Note: Section 55 of the Land Transport Act 1998 makes it an offence to tamper or interfere with AVSE or
with the operation of AVSE
Note: Section 55 of the Land Transport Act 1998 makes it an offence to tamper or interfere with AVSE or
with the operation of AVSE
Printed on : 08/12/2021
Printed from : https://tenone.police.govt.nz/pi/police‐manual/road‐policing/vehicle‐and‐driver‐
compliance/speed‐enforcement
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Positioning of the mobile speed camera for deployment after a
speed reduction sign.
If a speed camera vehicle is deployed in an area where drivers are transitioning from a higher speed
to a lower speed, the mobile camera van must not be positioned within 250 metres, from the point
where the posted speed reduction sign is positioned.
The correct roadside setup of the mobile camera, will have the radar beam at 22.5 degrees across
the roadway. To overcome the possibility of the radar beam projecting into the zone 250 metres
from the speed reduction sign and vehicles being identified by the camera as exceeding the posted
speed limit in this 250 metre area, a simple formula has been worked out to ensure that the radar
beam is outside of the 250 metre zone.
For every lane that the camera is monitoring, 15 metres must be added to the 250 metres the
distance from the posted speed reduction sign.
For example. Camera van deployed covering 2 lanes of road way.
250m exclusion zone
+30 m (2 lanes x 15m) = 280 metres. The minimum distance the mobile camera van
can be parked from the posted speed reduction sign.
250m exclusion zone
+60 m (4 lanes x 15m) = 310 metres. The minimum distance the mobile camera van
can be parked from the posted speed reduction sign.
Positioning of the mobile speed camera for a deployment
after a passing lane.
While a speed camera may be deployed within a section of road designated as a passing lane, it must not be
positioned within 250 metres of the final merge of the passing lane and must not target vehicles within 250
metres of the final merge of a passing lane.
Source: Speed enforcement. Speed camera site selection and deployment.
In addition to the 250 metres an additional 15 meters per lane is required to not impact on the 250
meters post passing lane exclusion zone.
For example.
250 metres exclusion zone
+ 30 metres
= 280 metres to ensure that the radar from the mobile camera does not cover the 250 metres post
passing lane exclusion area.