OIA23-0414
Matt Munro
[FYI request #23506 email]
Dear Matt Munro
Thank you for your email of 16 July 2023 requesting information relating to kauri dieback
being caused by
Phytophthora agathidicida. Your request has been considered under the
Official Information Act 1982 (OIA).
We shall respond to each part of your request below:
What evidence exists that Kauri Dieback (= high number of symptomatic Kauri in a forest)
is caused by Phytophthora agathidicida. Please don't just refer to articles. I want a short &
clear description of the evidence.
The evidence that the soil-borne pathogen
Phytophthora agathidicida (PA) causes the symptoms
characterising the condition known as kauri dieback disease has been well proven in research,
including the pathogenicity of PA to kauri and the relationship between PA and the symptoms of
kauri dieback disease. Examples below:
• From Plant & Food Research’
s “Pathogenicity of four Phytophthora species on kauri: in
vitro and glasshouse trials”, authored by I. Horner, E. Hough (2014): “When [potted 2-year-
old kauri seedlings were] PA-inoculated, lesions spread rapidly, trunks were girdled, and all
trees died within 4-6 weeks. All kauri seedlings died within 10 weeks when soil was
inoculated with PA.”
• From: Landcare Research’s 2015 description of
Phytophthora agathidicida: Weir, B.S.;
Paderes, E.P.; Anand, N; Uchida, J.Y.; Pennycook, S.R.; Bellgard, S.E.; Beever, R.E. 2015:
A taxonomic revision of Phytophthora Clade 5 including two new species, Phytopht hora
agathidicida and P. cocois. Phytotaxa 205(1): 21-38. “Delimitation surveys have confirmed
impacts upon kauri of all age classes, in forest remnants and plantations, throughout its
geographic range”.
• Fro
m Auckland Council’s 2021 Waitakere Ranges kauri population health monitoring
survey: “For the symptomatic kauri model, the strongest association was between
symptomatic kauri and proximity to P. agathidicida sites (point locations of P. agathidicida
detections) which reinforces the need to manage P. agathidicida to reduce tree to tree
spread and symptom development.”
In summary, Kauri is in decline due to multiple interacting global change factors, such as
drought, disease and habitat fragmentation. Unlike these other factors, disease from
Phytophthora Agathidicida (PA) causes certain, and relatively rapid, tree death. PA can be
spread many ways. For example, by moving water, animals, and humans, however, studies
Charles Fergusson Building, 34-38 Bowen Street
PO Box 2526
Wellington 6140, New Zealand
biosecurity.govt.nz
have shown the strongest correlation is between human disturbance (from historic logging as
well as contemporary foot traffic) and disease caused by PA (confirmed with soil tests).
Can you give me a list of New Zealand scientists who still believe in the idea that Kauri
Dieback is caused by Phytophthora agathidicida mostly spread by people with their
walking boots. I have been in contact with many, and nobody has confirmed that to me.
A list of all New Zealand scientist is withheld pursuant to section 9(2)(a) –
to protect the privacy of
natural persons. However, the vectoring of the PA pathogen by human movement of soil is well
established. Examples below:
• From: Bio-Protection’
s Independent review of the state of kauri dieback knowledge by
Amanda Black and Ian Dickie: “International literature on the spread of Phytophthora
species/taxa have highlighted the significant role that nurseries and other human activities
(vehicle movement and foot traffic) have in the spread of these pathogens (Jules et al.
2002; Jung et al. 2015).”
• Fro
m Auckland Council’s 2021 Waitakere Ranges kauri population health monitoring
survey: “The distance to tracks (closest or uphil ) was significantly associated with P.
agathidicida detection and disease in the non-spatial models.”
MPI is satisfied that in the circumstances of this case, the withholding of the information is
not outweighed by other considerations which render it desirable in the public interest to
make the information available.
For more information on kauri dieback you can find details of individual scientific papers
researching the disease and the causes at the following link:
https://www.kauriprotection.co.nz/research/.
Should you have any concerns with this response, I would encourage you to raise these with
the Ministry for Primary Industries a
t [email address]. Alternatively, you
are advised of your right to also raise any concerns with the Office of the Ombudsman.
Contact details are: Office of the Ombudsman, PO Box 10152, Wellington 6143 or at
[email address].
Yours sincerely
John Walsh
Director, Readiness and Response Services
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