1 November 2023
K Thomposon
[email address]
Tēnā koe,
Your Official Information Act request, ref: HNZ00031073
Thank you for your request for information received on 9 October 2023, asking for the
following which has been considered under the Official Information Act 1982 (the Act):
1. After mid-2022, how did you determine that the cause of death was definitely
"FROM Covid-19", if "reporting [that] was based on an individual’s death that
occurred within 28 days of a positive case being uploaded" was no longer sufficient?
2. How did you then determine that cause of death was Covid-19 "at a significant time
lag after the event of death"?
3. Firstly you say death 'with COVID-19' included categories
Covid-19 as underlying
Covid-19 as contributory
Then you say that these two categories, either together or separately, are used to
label 'Covid-19 attributed deaths' or 'deaths from Covid-19'.
These statements seem to make deaths WITH Covid-19 effectively the same as
deaths FROM Covid-19. How do you determine the difference between WITH and
FROM Covid-19?
4. What is the difference between "Covid-19 as underlying" and "Covid-19 as
contributory"?
For the sake of clarity, I will address each question in turn.
1. After mid-2022, how did you determine that the cause of death was definitely "FROM
Covid-19", if "reporting [that] was based on an individual’s death that occurred within 28
days of a positive case being uploaded" was no longer sufficient?
Developing a
‘deaths from COVID-19’ metric required substantial time and work. Cause of death
is not usually coded by the Ministry Mortality Coding team immediately following a death – there is
usually a lag of several years before a particular year’s deaths are all coded. For COVID-19, this
has been fast-tracked. The Analytics team responsible for the COVID-19 data send through a list
of any newly recorded deaths that occurred within 28 days of a positive test to the Mortality Coding
team every day, so that these deaths can be prioritised for coding.
The Mortality Coding team works with the Death Documents database, which stores Cause of
Death certificates which are filled in by medical professionals. A specialised team of mortality
coders then review these certificates and then determine whether COVID-19 was an underlying or
contributory cause of death according to the World Health Organization’s mortality coding rules for
selecting the underlying and contributory cause of death. One cause is always designated as the
underlying cause of death and there can be many contributory causes of death.
2. How did you then determine that cause of death was Covid-19 "at a significant time lag
after the event of death"?
The significant time lag mentioned in the initial reply to your questions related to the time it takes
for all deaths to be classified by the Mortality Coding team rather than the time it takes for the
underlying or contributory cause(s) of death to be ascertained.
3. Firstly you say death 'with COVID-19' included categories
Covid-19 as underlying.
Covid-19 as contributory
Then you say that these two categories, either together or separately, are used to label 'Covid-
19 attributed deaths' or 'deaths from Covid-19'.
These statements seem to make deaths WITH Covid-19 effectively the same as deaths FROM
Covid-19. How do you determine the difference between WITH and FROM Covid-19?
COVID-19 deaths include all cases who died and were classified as an active case of COVID-19 at
the time of death.
Deaths
from COVID-19 relate
only to those deaths where COVID-19 is the
contributory cause or
an
underlying cause.
Deaths
with COVID-19 relate to all deaths
from COVID-19 described above as well as other
deaths that occurred withing 28 days of a COVID-19 case being notified.
4. What is the difference between "Covid-19 as underlying" and "Covid-19 as contributory"?
An
underlying cause of death is defined as the disease or condition that initiated the train of
events leading
directly to death.
A
contributory cause of death is any cause of death that is neither the immediate, intervening,
originating antecedent nor underlying cause; hence there are other significant conditions that
contributed to the fatal outcome, but were not related to the disease or condition directly causing
death.
How to get in touch
If you have any questions, you can contact us at
[email address].
If you are not happy with this response, you have the right to make a complaint to the
Ombudsman. Information about how to do this is available at
Ombudsman New Zealand | Tari o te
Kaitiaki Mana Tangata or by phoning 0800 802 602.
As this information may be of interest to other members of the public, Te Whatu Ora may
proactively release a copy of this response on our website. All requester data, including your name
and contact details, will be removed prior to release.
Nāku iti noa, nā
Daniel Hirst
Group Manager - Intelligence
National Public Health Service
TeWhatuOra.govt.nz
Te Whatu Ora, PO Box 793,
Wellington 6140, New Zealand